Περίληψη:
A broad spectrum of novel targeted therapies with prime antitumor activity and/or ample control of hormonal symptoms together with an overall acceptable safety profile have emerged for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis, the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched to assess and compare the safety profile of NEN treatments with special focus on the cardiovascular adverse effects of biotherapy and molecular targeted therapies (MTTs). Quality/risk of bias were assessed using GRADE criteria. Placebocontrolled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in patients with metastatic NENs, including medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) were included. A total of 3695 articles and 122 clinical trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov were screened. We included sixteen relevant RCTs comprising 3408 unique patients assigned to different treatments compared with placebo. All the included studies had a low risk of bias. We identified four drug therapies for NENs with eligible placebo-controlled RCTs: somatostatin analogs (SSAs), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Grade 3 and 4 adverse effects (AE) were more often encountered in patients treated with mTOR inhibitors and TKI (odds ratio [OR]: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.87–3.12 and OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.46–7.96, respectively) as compared to SSAs (OR:0.77, 95% CI: 0.47–1.27) and TPH inhibitors (OR:0.77, 95% CI: 0.35–1.69). MTOR inhibitors had the highest risk for serious cardiac AE (OR:3.28, 95% CI: 1.66–6.48) followed by TKIs (OR:1.51, 95% CI: 0.59–3.83). Serious vascular AE were more often encountered in NEN patients treated with mTOR inhibitors (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 0.64–4.64) and TKIs (OR:1.64, 95% CI: 0.35–7.78). Finally, patients on TKIs were at higher risk for new-onset or exacerbation of pre-existing hypertension (OR:3.31, 95% CI: 1.87–5.86). In conclusion, SSAs and TPH inhibitors appear to be safer as compared to mTOR inhibitors and TKIs with regards to their overall toxicity profile, and cardiovascular toxicities in particular. Special consideration should be given to a patient-tailored approach with anticipated toxicities of targeted NEN treatments together with assessment of cardiovascular comorbidities, assisting clinicians in treatment selection and early recognition/management of cardiovascular toxicities. This approach could improve patient compliance and preserve cardiovascular health and overall quality of life. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Συγγραφείς:
Aktypis, C.
Spei, M.-E.
Yavropoulou, M.
Wallin, G.
Koumarianou, A.
Kaltsas, G.
Kassi, E.
Daskalakis, K.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
angiopeptin; axitinib; cabozantinib; everolimus; mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor; octreotide; oxygenase inhibitor; pazopanib; placebo; protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; somatostatin derivative; sulfatinib; sunitinib; telotristat ethyl; telotristat etiprate; tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor; unclassified drug; vandetanib, acute coronary syndrome; advanced cancer; angina pectoris; Article; atrial fibrillation; biological therapy; bradycardia; cardiopulmonary insufficiency; cardiovascular disease; congestive heart failure; deep vein thrombosis; disease exacerbation; drug safety; follow up; heart arrest; heart arrhythmia; heart atrium flutter; heart disease; heart failure; heart left ventricle failure; heart palpitation; heart right ventricle failure; high risk patient; human; hypertension; hypertensive crisis; hypotension; meta analysis; metastasis; mitral valve regurgitation; molecularly targeted therapy; myocardial disease; myocarditis; neuroendocrine tumor; pancreas islet cell tumor; pericardial effusion; pericarditis; pulmonary valve stenosis; randomized controlled trial (topic); supraventricular tachycardia; systematic review; tachycardia; thyroid medullary carcinoma; treatment duration; tricuspid valve regurgitation; vascular disease
