Τίτλος:
COVID-19, microthromboses, inflammation, and platelet activating factor
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Recent articles report elevated markers of coagulation, endothelial injury, and microthromboses in lungs from deceased COVID-19 patients. However, there has been no discussion of what may induce intravascular coagulation. Platelets are critical in the formation of thrombi and their most potent trigger is platelet activating factor (PAF), first characterized by Demopoulos and colleagues in 1979. PAF is produced by cells involved in host defense and its biological actions bear similarities with COVID-19 disease manifestations. PAF can also stimulate perivascular mast cell activation, leading to inflammation implicated in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Mast cells are plentiful in the lungs and are a rich source of PAF and of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, which may contribute to COVID-19 and especially SARS. The histamine-1 receptor antagonist rupatadine was developed to have anti-PAF activity, and also inhibits activation of human mast cells in response to PAF. Rupatadine could be repurposed for COVID-19 prophylaxis alone or together with other PAF-inhibitors of natural origin such as the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, which have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-PAF actions. © 2020 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Συγγραφείς:
Demopoulos, C.
Antonopoulou, S.
Theoharides, T.C.
Εκδότης:
Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
interleukin 1beta; interleukin 6; luteolin; quercetin; rupatadine; thrombocyte activating factor; antivirus agent; cyproheptadine; IL1B protein, human; IL6 protein, human; interleukin 1beta; interleukin 6; luteolin; quercetin; rupatadine; thrombocyte activating factor, antiinflammatory activity; antiviral activity; cell activation; coronavirus disease 2019; drug repositioning; host resistance; human; inflammation; mast cell; microthrombus; priority journal; Review; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; thrombocyte activation; blood; disseminated intravascular clotting; drug effect; gene expression regulation; genetics; inflammation; lung; lung embolism; metabolism; pathogenicity; pathology; prevention and control; severe acute respiratory syndrome; thrombocyte; virology, Antiviral Agents; Blood Platelets; COVID-19; Cyproheptadine; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lung; Luteolin; Mast Cells; Platelet Activating Factor; Pulmonary Embolism; Quercetin; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
