Τίτλος:
Short-term effects of ambient particles on mortality in the elderly:
results from 28 cities in the APHEA2 project
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Within the framework of the APHEA2 (Air Pollution on Health: a European
Approach) project, the effects of ambient particles on mortality among
persons greater than or equal to65 yrs were investigated.
Daily measurements for particles with a 50%, cut-off aerodynamic
diameter of 10 pm (PM10) and black smoke (BS), as well as the daily
number of deaths among persons 65 yrs of age, from 29 European cities,
have been collected. Data on other pollutants and meteorological
variables, to adjust for confounding effects and data on city
characteristics, to investigate potential effect modification, were also
recorded. For individual city analysis, generalised additive models
extending Poisson regression, using a locally weighted regression
(LOESS) smoother to control for seasonal effects, were applied. To
combine individual city results and explore effect modification, second
stage regression models were applied.
The per cent increase (95% confidence intervals), associated with a 10
mug.m(-3) increase in PM10, in the elderly daily number of deaths was
0.8%, (0.7-0.9%) and the corresponding number for BS was 0.6%,
(0.5-0.8%). The effect size was modified by the long-term average
levels of nitrogen dioxide (higher levels were associated with larger
effects), temperature (larger effects were observed in warmer
countries), and by the proportion of the elderly in each city (a larger
proportion was associated with higher effects).
These results indicate that ambient particles have effects on mortality
among the elderly, with relative risks comparable or slightly higher
than those observed for total mortality and similar effect modification
patterns. The effects among the older persons are of particular
importance, since the attributable number of events will be much larger,
compared to the number of deaths among the younger population.
Συγγραφείς:
Aga, E
Samoli, E
Touloumi, G
Anderson, HR
Cadum, E and
Forsberg, B
Goodman, P
Goren, A
Kotesovec, F
Kriz, B and
Macarol-Hiti, M
Medina, S
Paldy, A
Schindler, C
Sunyer,
J
Tittanen, P
Wojtyniak, B
Zmirou, D
Schwartz, J and
Katsouyanni, K
Περιοδικό:
European Respiratory Journal
Εκδότης:
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
ambient particles; elderly; mortality; nitroeen dioxide; time series
DOI:
10.1183/09031936.03.00402803
