Περίληψη:
Faecal incontinence is a complex problem, often of multifactorial
origin. Although the condition is widely accepted as a problem in the
elderly, it is now becoming apparent that much younger age groups are
frequently affected. Its exact incidence is about 2% of the general
population, while in other individuals, the prevalence has been reported
to approach 60%. Despite the considerable advances that have been made
the past decades in the evaluation of anorectal incontinence, our
understanding of it remains limited. A thorough history, good physical
examination, and detailed anorectal physiological investigations can
help the therapeutic decision-making algorithm. Complete functional and
anatomical assessments of the anorectum, anal sphincters. and pelvic
floor are mandatory in all patients with faecal incontinence to
correctly identify the cause and type of incontinence and allow correct
treatment. Anorectal manometry is used to establish the presence and
extent Of the weakness degree of the pelvic floor sphincter muscles,
allowing an objective measure of resting and squeeze pressure. Anal
endosonography is a very valuable tool in planning restorative surgery
or in assessing results after sphincter repair. Because electromyography
may detect functional abnormalities, the two techniques are
complementary and not mutually exclusive. Determining the most
appropriate tests will largely depend on the patient’s history and
symptoms and can vary for each patient.
