Τίτλος:
Molecular pathogenesis of non muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Implications for novel targeted therapies
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Approximately 70% to 80% of patients with urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are initially diagnosed with non-muscle invasive disease. Superficial, non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs) are managed with cystoscopic transurethral resection of all visible lesions followed by intravesical chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Despite this treatment, up to 70% of these tumors will recur within five years and 15% will ultimately progress to muscle-invasive disease, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies are necessary. Recent studies have greatly advanced our understanding of urothelial carcinogenesis and have highlighted the distinct molecular pathogenesis of NMIBCs versus muscle-invasive bladder tumors. It is now clear that diverse genetic and epigenetic events are driving the oncogenesis of NMIBCs, thereby attesting to their potential as therapeutic targets for these tumors. This article reviews the molecular pathogenesis of NMIBCs, discusses recently completed and ongoing clinical trials and anticipates the future direction of molecular targeted agents in this disease. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers.
Συγγραφείς:
Zachos, I.
Tzortzis, V.
Konstantinopoulos, P.A.
Karatzas, A.
Gravas, S.
Melekos, M.
Papavassiliou, A.G.
Περιοδικό:
Current Molecular Medicine
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
antisense oligonucleotide; BCG vaccine; carboplatin; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor; erlotinib; everolimus; fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; gefitinib; gemcitabine; green tea extract; halofuginone; heat shock protein 27; lonafarnib; mammalian target of rapamycin; matrix metalloproteinase; mitogen activated protein kinase; monoclonal antibody; monoclonal antibody R3; ogx 42; ogx 427; paclitaxel; phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; platelet derived growth factor receptor; pro 001; protein kinase B; protein Patched 1; protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor; sunitinib; tipifarnib; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; vasculotropin, advanced cancer; bladder cancer; bladder carcinogenesis; cancer recurrence; carcinoma in situ; chromosome 9p; chromosome 9q; chromosome deletion; clinical trial (topic); human; lung non small cell cancer; metastasis; molecular pathology; molecularly targeted therapy; multiple myeloma; nonhuman; nucleic acid base substitution; oncogene H ras; oncogene ras; pancreas cancer; phase 1 clinical trial (topic); phase 2 clinical trial (topic); phase 3 clinical trial (topic); point mutation; prostate cancer; randomized controlled trial (topic); recurrent cancer; review; somatic mutation; transitional cell carcinoma, Animals; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Gene Deletion; Humans; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; Signal Transduction; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
DOI:
10.2174/156652411797536697
