Τίτλος:
Insulin Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Narrative Review
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Here, we review insulin management options and strategies in nonpregnant adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Most patients with T1DM should follow a regimen of multiple daily injections of basal/bolus insulin, but those not meeting individual glycemic targets or those with frequent or severe hypoglycemia or pronounced dawn phenomenon should consider continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The latter treatment modality could also be an alternative based on patient preferences and availability of reimbursement. Continuous glucose monitoring may improve glycemic control irrespective of treatment regimen. A glycemic target of glycated hemoglobin < 7% (53 mmol/mol) is appropriate for most nonpregnant adults. Basal insulin analogues with a reduced peak profile and an extended duration of action with lower intraindividual variability relative to neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin are preferred. The clinical advantages of basal analogues compared with older basal insulins include reduced injection burden, better efficacy, lower risk of hypoglycemic episodes (especially nocturnal), and reduced weight gain. For prandial glycemic control, any rapid-acting prandial analogue (aspart, glulisine, lispro) is preferred over regular human insulin. Faster-acting insulin aspart is a relatively new option with the advantage of better postprandial glucose coverage. Frequent blood glucose measurements along with patient education on insulin dosing based on carbohydrate counting, premeal blood glucose, and anticipated physical activity is paramount, as is education on the management of blood glucose under different circumstances. Plain Language Summary: Plain language summary is available for this article. © 2020, The Author(s).
Συγγραφείς:
Janež, A.
Guja, C.
Mitrakou, A.
Lalic, N.
Tankova, T.
Czupryniak, L.
Tabák, A.G.
Prazny, M.
Martinka, E.
Smircic-Duvnjak, L.
Περιοδικό:
Diabetes Therapy
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
biosimilar agent; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c; human insulin; insulin aspart; insulin degludec; insulin detemir; insulin glargine; insulin glulisine; insulin lispro; isophane insulin; long acting insulin; sar342434; short acting insulin, blood glucose monitoring; body weight; body weight gain; body weight loss; carbohydrate intake; cardiovascular risk; circadian rhythm; diabetes control; drug efficacy; drug safety; dysglycemia; glucose blood level; glycemic control; human; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin treatment; life expectancy; oral glucose tolerance test; patient satisfaction; pharmacodynamics; physical activity; priority journal; quality of life; Review
DOI:
10.1007/s13300-019-00743-7
