Τίτλος:
Electronic cigarettes: A task force report from the European Respiratory Society
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
There is a marked increase in the development and use of electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (ECIGs). This statement covers electronic cigarettes (ECIGs), defined as “electrical devices that generate an aerosol from a liquid” and thus excludes devices that contain tobacco. Database searches identified published articles that were used to summarise the current knowledge on the epidemiology of ECIG use; their ingredients and accompanied health effects; second-hand exposure; use of ECIGs for smoking cessation; behavioural aspects of ECIGs and social impact; in vitro and animal studies; and user perspectives. ECIG aerosol contains potentially toxic chemicals. As compared to conventional cigarettes, these are fewer and generally in lower concentrations. Second-hand exposures to ECIG chemicals may represent a potential risk, especially to vulnerable populations. There is not enough scientific evidence to support ECIGs as an aid to smoking cessation due to a lack of controlled trials, including those that compare ECIGs with licenced stop-smoking treatments. So far, there are conflicting data that use of ECIGs results in a renormalisation of smoking behaviour or for the gateway hypothesis. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that ECIGs can have multiple negative effects. The long-term effects of ECIG use are unknown, and there is therefore no evidence that ECIGs are safer than tobacco in the long term. Based on current knowledge, negative health effects cannot be ruled out. Copyright ©ERS 2019.
Συγγραφείς:
Bals, R.
Boyd, J.
Esposito, S.
Foronjy, R.
Hiemstra, P.S.
Jiménez-Ruiz, C.A.
Katsaounou, P.
Lindberg, A.
Metz, C.
Schober, W.
Spira, A.
Blasi, F.
Περιοδικό:
European Respiratory Journal
Εκδότης:
European Respiratory Society
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
immunoglobulin E; interleukin 13; interleukin 4; interleukin 5; lactate dehydrogenase; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; nicotine; propylene glycol, aerosol; airway epithelium cell; Caenorhabditis elegans; caloric intake; cancer patient; case study; cytokine release; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; food intake; human; in vitro study; in vivo study; metabolomics; nonhuman; oxidative stress; population research; priority journal; respiratory tract allergy; Review; smoking; smoking cessation; spermatozoon density; Streptococcus pneumoniae; systematic review; transcriptomics; United States; zebra fish; adolescent; adult; animal; C57BL mouse; drug effect; electronic cigarette; epidemiology; epithelium cell; Europe; mouse; organization and management; passive smoking; procedures; pulmonology; rat; tobacco; tobacco dependence; vaping; young adult, Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Epithelial Cells; Europe; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pulmonary Medicine; Rats; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder; Vaping; Young Adult; Zebrafish
DOI:
10.1183/13993003.01151-2018
