Περίληψη:
This review includes the main pediatric studies published from April 2014 to March 2015. The host response of Treg cells with increases in FOXP3 and TGF-β1 combined with a reduction in IFN-γ by Teff cells may contribute to Helicobacter pylori susceptibility in children. Genotypic variability in H. pylori strains influences the clinical manifestation of the infection. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with variables indicative of a crowded environment and poor living conditions, while breast-feeding has a protective effect. Intrafamilial infection, especially from mother to children and from sibling to sibling, is the dominant transmission route. Studies showed conflicting results regarding the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia. One study suggests that H. pylori eradication plays a role in the management of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in H. pylori-infected children and adolescents. The prevalence of H. pylori was higher in chronic urticaria patients than in controls and, following H. pylori eradication, urticarial symptoms disappeared. An inverse relationship between H. pylori infection and allergic disease was reported. Antibiotic resistance and insufficient compliance to treatment limit the efficacy of eradication therapy. Sequential therapy had no advantage over standard triple therapy. In countries where H. pylori infection is prevalent, studies focusing on virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility may provide anticipation of the prognosis and may be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
amoxicillin; clarithromycin; levofloxacin; metronidazole; proton pump inhibitor; transcription factor FOXP3, abdominal pain; amebiasis; antibiotic resistance; bacterial transmission; breast feeding; case control study; chronic urticaria; clinical feature; correlation analysis; disease association; disease transmission; gene expression profiling; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genetic variability; giardiasis; growth retardation; Helicobacter infection; homozygosity; human; idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; iron deficiency anemia; morbidity; mortality; multilocus sequence typing; obesity; pediatrics; peptic ulcer; prevalence; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; recurrent disease; regulatory T lymphocyte; Review; thrombocytopenic purpura; urea breath test; adolescent; child; Developmental Disabilities; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hematologic Diseases; isolation and purification; microbiology; pathology; preschool child; urticaria, Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Urticaria
