Τίτλος:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathology and pathogenesis
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver injuries ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis. Fibrosis may progress to cirrhosis and complications including hepatocellular carcinoma. Histologic findings represent the complexity of pathophysiology. NAFLD is closely associated with obesity and is most closely linked with insulin resistance; the current Western diet, high in saturated fats and fructose, plays a significant role. There are several mechanisms by which excess triglycerides are acquired and accumulate in hepatocytes. Formation of steatotic droplets may be disordered in NAFLD. Visceral adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and insulin resistance results in aberrant cytokine expression; many cytokines have a role in liver injury in NAFLD. Cellular stress and immune reactions, as well as the endocannabinoid system, have been implicated in animal models and in some human studies. Copyright © 2010 by Annual Reviews.
Συγγραφείς:
Tiniakos, D.G.
Vos, M.B.
Brunt, E.M.
Περιοδικό:
Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
2,4 thiazolidinedione derivative; adiponectin; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; carbohydrate; cytokine; endocannabinoid; endotoxin; fatty acid; fructose; interleukin 6; kruppel like factor 6; leptin; matrix metalloproteinase; metformin; pentoxifylline; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; polyunsaturated fatty acid; resistin; saturated fatty acid; triacylglycerol; tumor necrosis factor alpha, alanine aminotransferase blood level; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; cancer risk; cell stress; disease course; fatty acid oxidation; fatty liver; genetic predisposition; histopathology; human; incidence; innate immunity; insulin resistance; intraabdominal fat; Kupffer cell; lipogenesis; liver cell; liver cell carcinoma; liver cirrhosis; liver fibrosis; liver histology; liver injury; Mallory body; nonalcoholic fatty liver; nonhuman; obesity; pathogenesis; priority journal; protein expression; review; animal; disease model; fatty liver; hypertriglyceridemia; obesity; pathology, Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin Resistance; Liver Cirrhosis; Obesity
DOI:
10.1146/annurev-pathol-121808-102132
