Περίληψη:
Objectives: To describe energy intake and its macronutrient and food
sources among 27 regions in 10 countries participating in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
Methods: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 subjects aged 35-74 years were
administered a standardized 24-h dietary recall. Intakes of
macronutrients (g/day) and energy (kcal/day) were estimated using
standardized national nutrient databases. Mean intakes were weighted by
season and day of the week and were adjusted for age, height and weight,
after stratification by gender. Extreme low- and high-energy reporters
were identified using Goldberg’s cutoff points (ratio of energy intake
and estimated basal metabolic rate <0.88 or >2.72), and their effects on
macronutrient and energy intakes were studied.
Results: Low-energy reporting was more prevalent in women than in men.
The exclusion of extreme-energy reporters substantially lowered the
EPIC-wide range in mean energy intake from 2196-2877 to 2309-2866 kcal
among men. For women, these ranges were 1659-2070 and 1873-2108 kcal.
There was no north-south gradient in energy intake or in the prevalence
of low-energy reporting. In most centres, cereals and cereal products
were the largest contributors to energy intake. The food groups meat,
dairy products and fats and oils were also important energy sources. In
many centres, the highest mean energy intakes were observed on
Saturdays.
Conclusions: These data highlight and quantify the variations and
similarities in energy intake and sources of energy intake among 10
European countries. The prevalence of low-energy reporting indicates
that the study of energy intake is hampered by the problem of
underreporting. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63,
S3-S15; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.72
Συγγραφείς:
Ocke, M. C.
Larranaga, N.
Grioni, S.
van den Berg, S. W. and
Ferrari, P.
Salvini, S.
Benetou, V.
Linseisen, J. and
Wirfalt, E.
Rinaldi, S.
Jenab, M.
Halkjaer, J.
Jakobsen,
M. U.
Niravong, M.
Clavel-Chapelon, F.
Kaaks, R. and
Bergmann, M.
Moutsiou, E.
Trichopoulou, A.
Lauria, C. and
Sacerdote, C.
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
Peeters, P. H. M. and
Hjartaker, A.
Parr, C. L.
Tormo, M. J.
Sanchez, M. J. and
Manjer, J.
Hellstrom, V.
Mulligan, A.
Spencer, E. A. and
Riboli, E.
Bingham, S.
Slimani, N.
