Τίτλος:
Variation in intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and
potassium in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition study
Περίληψη:
Background/objectives: Adequate mineral intake is important for the
maintenance of bone health, cellular function and general metabolism,
and possibly in the aetiology of cancer and other chronic diseases. This
study aimed at investigating variation in intakes of selected minerals
across 10 European countries participating in the EPIC (European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study.
Methods: Nutrient intakes for 36 034 subjects, aged between 35 and 74
years, in 27 centres were obtained using standardized 24-h dietary
recall software (EPIC-SOFT). Mean intakes of calcium, phosphorus,
magnesium, iron and potassium were calculated by centre and weighted by
season and day of the week and were also stratified by age group. The
contribution of food groups to total nutrient intake was calculated.
Results: There was clear geographical variability in intakes, with
differences ranging from 35% for magnesium to 90% for iron in men and
36% for potassium to 75% for calcium in women, and a twofold
difference in sources of haem iron (meat and fish). There was a
geographical gradient in iron intake, with higher intakes in Southern
than in Northern Europe and also around a twofold north-south gradient
in the contribution of fruits and vegetables to potassium intake.
Compared with reference intakes, the majority of age groups and centres
had intakes above the recommended levels. Dairy foods and products
contributed the most to calcium and phosphorus intake in almost all
centres. Cereals and cereal products contributed the most to magnesium
and iron intakes, except in Greece and Germany.
Conclusions: Intakes of minerals vary substantially throughout Europe,
with some geographical variability in their food sources. European
Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, S101-S121; doi:
10.1038/ejcn.2009.77
Συγγραφείς:
Welch, A. A.
Fransen, H.
Jenab, M.
Boutron-Ruault, M. C. and
Tumino, R.
Agnoli, C.
Ericson, U.
Johansson, I.
Ferrari,
P.
Engeset, D.
Lund, E.
Lentjes, M.
Key, T.
Touvier,
M.
Niravong, M.
Larranaga, N.
Rodriguez, L.
Ocke, M. C.
and Peeters, P. H. M.
Tjonneland, A.
Bjerregaard, L. and
Vasilopoulou, E.
Dilis, V.
Linseisen, J.
Noethlings, U. and
Riboli, E.
Slimani, N.
Bingham, S.
