Περίληψη:
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Phytoestrogens are estradiol-like natural
compounds found in plants that have been associated with protective
effects against chronic diseases, including some cancers, cardiovascular
diseases and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the
dietary intake of phytoestrogens, identify their food sources and their
association with lifestyle factors in the European Prospective
Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Single 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from 36
037 individuals from 10 European countries, aged 35-74 years using a
standardized computerized interview programe (EPIC-Soft). An ad hoc food
composition database on phytoestrogens (isoflavones, lignans,
coumestans, enterolignans and equol) was compiled using data from
available databases, in order to obtain and describe phytoestrogen
intakes and their food sources across 27 redefined EPIC centres.
RESULTS: Mean total phytoestrogen intake was the highest in the UK
health-conscious group (24.9 mg/day in men and 21.1 mg/day in women)
whereas lowest in Greece (1.3 mg/day) in men and Spain-Granada (1.0
mg/day) in women. Northern European countries had higher intakes than
southern countries. The main phytoestrogen contributors were isoflavones
in both UK centres and lignans in the other EPIC cohorts. Age, body mass
index, educational level, smoking status and physical activity were
related to increased intakes of lignans, enterolignans and equol, but
not to total phytoestrogen, isoflavone or coumestan intakes. In the UK
cohorts, the major food sources of phytoestrogens were soy products. In
the other EPIC cohorts the dietary sources were more distributed, among
fruits, vegetables, soy products, cereal products, non-alcoholic and
alcoholic beverages.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a high variability in the dietary intake of total
and phytoestrogen subclasses and their food sources across European
regions.
Συγγραφείς:
Zamora-Ros, R.
Knaze, V.
Lujan-Barroso, L.
Kuhnle, G. G. C.
and Mulligan, A. A.
Touillaud, M.
Slimani, N.
Romieu, I. and
Powell, N.
Tumino, R.
Peeters, P. H. M.
de Magistris, M. S.
and Ricceri, F.
Sonestedt, E.
Drake, I.
Hjartaker, A. and
Skie, G.
Mouw, T.
Wark, P. A.
Romaguera, D. and
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
Ros, M.
Molina, E.
Sieri, S. and
Quiros, J. R.
Huerta, J. M.
Tjonneland, A.
Halkjaer, J. and
Masala, G.
Teucher, B.
Kaas, R.
Travis, R. C.
Dilis, V.
and Benetou, V.
Trichopoulou, A.
Amiano, P.
Ardanaz, E. and
Boeing, H.
Foerster, J.
Clavel-Chapelon, F.
Fagherazzi, G.
and Perquier, F.
Johansson, G.
Johansson, I.
Cassidy, A. and
Overvad, K.
Gonzalez, C. A.
