Περίληψη:
Context The first publication of the European Association of Urology
(EAU) guidelines on Pain Management in Urology dates back to 2003. Since
then, these guidelines have been revised several times with the most
recent update achieved in 2010.
Objective Given the scope of the full text guidelines, condensing the
entire document was no option in this context. This paper presents a
summary of the section of pain management in prostate cancer, a topic
considered of direct relevance for the practicing urologist.
Evidence acquisition A multidisciplinary expert panel (urologists,
anaesthesiologists, radio-oncologists) compiled this document based on a
comprehensive consultation of the literature. Data were identified
through a structured search, covering the time frame 2000 through 2010,
using Medline and Embase as well as the Cochrane Library of systematic
reviews. The scientific papers were weighed by the expert panel and a
level of evidence (LE) assigned. Recommendations have been graded as a
means to provide transparency between the underlying evidence and the
guidance provided.
Evidence summary Pain can occur in each stage of prostate cancer. It
could be caused by the cancer itself (77%), be related to the cancer
treatment (19%) or be unrelated to either (3%). The incidence of pain
rises to 90% as patients enter the terminal phase of their illness. The
physician’s task is to discover and treat the cause of pain and the pain
itself, to determine whether or not the underlying cause is treatable,
to provide pain relief and palliative care. These tasks more often than
not require a multidisciplinary team. Pain management involves mainly
pharmacotherapy, including direct anticancer therapy such as androgen
deprivation and chemotherapy, as well as analgetics, for instance
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids. In case of
local impairment due to the cancer or its metastases, primary treatments
like surgery, radiotherapy or radionuclides can provide adequate pain
relief. In addition, in palliative care, functional, psychosocial and
spiritual support are essential components. The EAU guidelines on Pain
Management in Urology are available in a number of different formats
through the EAU Central Office and the EAU website
(http://www.uroweb.org/guidelines/online-guidelines/).
Conclusion The mainstay of pain management in prostate cancer is
involvement of and collaboration between experts from a number of
disciplines to be able to achieve a complete pain evaluation and to
offer the full range of treatment options. Prostate cancer-related pain
can, in most cases, be managed effectively, but it requires careful
monitoring where a balance should be found between pain relief and
potential side effects of treatment and quality of life (QoL).
Συγγραφείς:
Bader, Pia
Echtle, Dieter
Fonteyne, Valerie
Livadas, Kostas
and De Meerleer, Gert
Paez Borda, Alvaro
Papaioannou, Eleni G.
and Vranken, Jan H.
