Περίληψη:
Background: The effect of the macronutrient composition of the usual
diet on long term weight maintenance remains controversial.
Methods: 373,803 subjects aged 25-70 years were recruited in 10 European
countries (1992-2000) in the PANACEA project of the EPIC cohort. Diet
was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated questionnaires
and weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at
follow-up in most centers. The association between weight change after 5
years of follow-up and the iso-energetic replacement of 5% of energy
from one macronutrient by 5% of energy from another macronutrient was
assessed using multivariate linear mixed-models. The risk of becoming
overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate
Poisson regressions stratified according to initial Body Mass Index.
Results: A higher proportion of energy from fat at the expense of
carbohydrates was not significantly associated with weight change after
5 years. However, a higher proportion of energy from protein at the
expense of fat was positively associated with weight gain. A higher
proportion of energy from protein at the expense of carbohydrates was
also positively associated with weight gain, especially when
carbohydrates were rich in fibre. The association between percentage of
energy from protein and weight change was slightly stronger in
overweight participants, former smokers, participants >= 60 years old,
participants underreporting their energy intake and participants with a
prudent dietary pattern. Compared to diets with no more than 14% of
energy from protein, diets with more than 22% of energy from protein
were associated with a 23-24% higher risk of becoming overweight or
obese in normal weight and overweight subjects at baseline.
Conclusion: Our results show that participants consuming an amount of
protein above the protein intake recommended by the American Diabetes
Association may experience a higher risk of becoming overweight or obese
during adult life.
Συγγραφείς:
Vergnaud, Anne-Claire
Norat, Teresa
Mouw, Traci
Romaguera,
Dora
May, Anne M.
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
van der Daphne,
A.
Agudo, Antonio
Wareham, Nicholas
Khaw, Kay-Tee and
Romieu, Isabelle
Freisling, Heinz
Slimani, Nadia
Perquier,
Florence
Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
Clavel-Chapelon,
Francoise
Palli, Domenico
Berrino, Franco
Mattiello, Amalia
and Tumino, Rosario
Ricceri, Fulvio
Rodriguez, Laudina and
Molina-Montes, Esther
Amiano, Pilar
Barricarte, Aurelio and
Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
Crowe, Francesca L.
Orfanos, Philippos
and Naska, Androniki
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Teucher, Birgit and
Kaaks, Rudolf
Boeing, Heiner
Buijsse, Brian
Johansson,
Ingeged
Hallmans, Goran
Drake, Isabel
Sonestedt, Emily and
Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre
Overvad, Kim
Tjonneland, Anne and
Halkjaer, Jytte
Skeie, Guri
Braaten, Tonje
Lund, Eiliv and
Riboli, Elio
Peeters, Petra H. M.
