Περίληψη:
Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk
of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and
some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported
whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers
are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake
assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost
exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly
consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of
these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma
concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten
European countries from a nested case-control study in the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations
of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and
Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean
countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were
between 35 and 41nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in
the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23nmol/l in
those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain
source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the
homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands
and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in
Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a
considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and
concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries,
reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake
of whole-grain wheat and rye.
Συγγραφείς:
Kyro, Cecilie
Olsen, Anja
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as). and
Skeie, Guri
Loft, Steffen
Aman, Per
Leenders, Max
Dik,
Vincent K.
Siersema, Peter D.
Pischon, Tobias
Christensen,
Jane
Overvad, Kim
Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and
Fagherazzi, Guy
Cottet, Vanessa
Kuehn, Tilman
Chang-Claude,
Jenny
Boeing, Heiner
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Naska, Androniki
and Oikonomidou, Despoina
Masala, Giovanna
Pala, Valeria and
Tumino, Rosario
Vineis, Paolo
Mattiello, Amalia
Peeters,
Petra H.
Bakken, Toril
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Asli, Lene
Angell
Sanchez, Soledad
Jakszyn, Paula
Sanchez, Maria-Jose
and Amiano, Pilar
Maria Huerta, Jose
Barricarte, Aurelio and
Ljuslinder, Ingrid
Palmqvist, Richard
Khaw, Kay-Tee
Wareham,
Nick
Key, Timothy J.
Travis, Ruth C.
Slimani, Nadia and
Freisling, Heinz
Ferrari, Pietro
Gunter, Marc J.
Murphy,
Neil
Riboli, Elio
Tjonneland, Anne
Landberg, Rikard
