Περίληψη:
Background: The onset of bipolar disorder is influenced by the
interaction of genetic and environmental factors. We previously found
that a large increase in sunlight in springtime was associated with a
lower age of onset. This study extends this analysis with more
collection sites at diverse locations, and includes family history and
polarity of first episode.
Methods: Data from 4037 patients with bipolar I disorder were collected
at 36 collection sites in 23 countries at latitudes spanning 3.2 north
(N) to 63.4 N and 38.2 south (S) of the equator. The age of onset of the
first episode, onset location, family history of mood disorders, and
polarity of first episode were obtained retrospectively, from patient
records and/or direct interview. Solar insolation data were obtained for
the onset locations.
Results: There was a large, significant inverse relationship between
maximum monthly increase in solar insolation and age of onset,
controlling for the country median age and the birth cohort. The effect
was reduced by half if there was no family history. The maximum monthly
increase in solar insolation occurred in springtime. The effect was
one-third smaller for initial episodes of mania than depression. The
largest maximum monthly increase in solar insolation occurred in
northern latitudes such as Oslo, Norway, and warm and dry areas such as
Los Angeles, California.
Limitations: Recall bias for onset and family history data.
Conclusions: A large springtime increase in sunlight may have an
important influence on the onset of bipolar disorder, especially in
those with a family history of mood disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.
Συγγραφείς:
Bauer, Michael
Glenn, Tasha
Alda, Martin
Andreassen, Ole A.
and Angelopoulos, Elias
Ardau, Raffaella
Baethge, Christopher
and Bauer, Rita
Bellivier, Frank
Belmaker, Robert H.
Berk,
Michael
Bjella, Thomas D.
Bossini, Letizia
Bersudsky, Yuly
and Cheung, Eric Yat Wo
Conell, Jorn
Del Zompo, Maria
Dodd,
Seetal
Etain, Bruno
Fagiolini, Andrea
Frye, Mark A. and
Fountoulakis, Kostas N.
Garneau-Fournier, Jade
Gonzalez-Pinto,
Ana
Harima, Hirohiko
Hassel, Stefanie
Henry, Chantal and
Iacovides, Apostolos
Isometsa, Erkki T.
Kapczinski, Flavio and
Kliwicki, Sebastian
Koenig, Barbara
Krogh, Rikke
Kunz,
Mauricio
Lafer, Beny
Larsen, Erik R.
Lewitzka, Ute and
Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos
MacQueen, Glenda
Manchia, Mirko and
Marsh, Wendy
Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica
Melle, Ingrid and
Monteith, Scott
Morken, Gunnar
Munoz, Rodrigo
Nery, Fabiano
G.
O'Donovan, Claire
Osher, Yamima
Pfennig, Andrea and
Quiroz, Danilo
Ramesar, Raj
Rasgon, Natalie
Reif, Andreas
and Ritter, Philipp
Rybakowski, Janusz K.
Sagduyu, Kemal and
Scippa, Angela M.
Severus, Emanuel
Simhandl, Christian and
Stein, Dan J.
Strejilevich, Sergio
Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim and
Suominen, Kirsi
Tagata, Hiromi
Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka and
Torrent, Carla
Vieta, Eduard
Viswanath, Biju
Wanchoo, Mihir
J.
Zetin, Mark
Whybrow, Peter C.
