Περίληψη:
IMPORTANCE Maternal fish intake in pregnancy has been shown to influence
fetal growth. The extent to which fish intake affects childhood growth
and obesity remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE To examine whether fish intake in pregnancy is associated with
offspring growth and the risk of childhood overweight and obesity.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, population-based birth
cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to 2011 in Belgium,
France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Spain, and Massachusetts. A total of 26 184 pregnant women and
their children were followed up at 2-year intervals until the age of 6
years.
EXPOSURES Consumption of fish during pregnancy.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We estimated offspring body mass index
percentile trajectories from 3 months after birth to 6 years of age. We
defined rapid infant growth as a weight gain z score greater than 0.67
from birth to 2 years and childhood overweight/obesity at 4 and 6 years
as body mass index in the 85th percentile or higher for age and sex. We
calculated cohort-specific effect estimates and combined them by
random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS This multicenter, population-based birth cohort study included
the 26 184 pregnant women and their children. The median fish intake
during pregnancy ranged from 0.5 times/week in Belgium to 4.45
times/week in Spain. Women who ate fish more than 3 times/week during
pregnancy gave birth to offspring with higher body mass index values
from infancy through middle childhood compared with women with lower
fish intake (3 times/week or less). High fish intake during pregnancy
(>3 times/week) was associated with increased risk of rapid infant
growth, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1.42)
and increased risk of offspring overweight/obesity at 4 years (aOR, 1.14
[95% CI, 0.99-1.32]) and 6 years (aOR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01-1.47])
compared with an intake of once per week or less. Interaction analysis
showed that the effect of high fish intake during pregnancy on rapid
infant growth was greater among girls (aOR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.08-1.59])
than among boys (aOR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.92-1.34]; P = .02 for
interaction).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High maternal fish intake during pregnancy was
associated with increased risk of rapid growth in infancy and childhood
obesity. Our findings are in line with the fish intake limit proposed by
the US Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency.
Συγγραφείς:
Stratakis, Nikos
Roumeliotaki, Theano
Oken, Emily
Barros,
Henrique
Basterrechea, Mikel
Charles, Marie-Aline
Eggesbo,
Merete
Forastiere, Francesco
Gaillard, Romy
Gehring, Ulrike
and Govarts, Eva
Hanke, Wojciech
Heude, Barbara
Iszatt, Nina
and Jaddoe, Vincent W.
Kelleher, Cecily
Mommers, Monique and
Murcia, Mario
Oliveira, Andreia
Pizzi, Costanza
Polanska,
Kinga
Porta, Daniela
Richiardi, Lorenzo
Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl
L.
Schoeters, Greet
Sunyer, Jordi
Thijs, Carel
Viljoen,
Karien
Vrijheid, Martine
Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M.
Wijga, Alet
H.
Zeegers, Maurice P.
Kogevinas, Manolis
Chatzi, Leda
