Περίληψη:
Background: Although smoking and HPV infection are recognized as
important risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer, how their joint
exposure impacts on oropharyngeal cancer risk is unclear. Specifically,
whether smoking confers any additional risk to HPV-positive
oropharyngeal cancer is not understood.
Methods: Using HPV serology as a marker of HPV-related cancer, we
examined the interaction between smoking and HPV16 in 459 oropharyngeal
(and 1445 oral cavity and laryngeal) cancer patients and 3024 control
participants from two large European multicentre studies. Odds ratios
and credible intervals [CrI], adjusted for potential confounders, were
estimated using Bayesian logistic regression.
Results: Both smoking [odds ratio (OR [CrI]: 6.82 [4.52, 10.29])
and HPV seropositivity (OR [CrI]: 235.69 [99.95, 555.74]) were
independently associated with oropharyngeal cancer. The joint
association of smoking and HPV seropositivity was consistent with that
expected on the additive scale (synergy index [CrI]: 1.32 [0.51,
3.45]), suggesting they act as independent risk factors for
oropharyngeal cancer.
Conclusions: Smoking was consistently associated with increase in
oropharyngeal cancer risk in models stratified by HPV16 seropositivity.
In addition, we report that the prevalence of oropharyngeal cancer
increases with smoking for both HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative
persons. The impact of smoking on HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancer
highlights the continued need for smoking cessation programmes for
primary prevention of head and neck cancer.
Συγγραφείς:
Anantharaman, Devasena
Muller, David C.
Lagiou, Pagona and
Ahrens, Wolfgang
Holcatova, Ivana
Merletti, Franco and
Kjaerheim, Kristina
Polesel, Jerry
Simonato, Lorenzo
Canova,
Cristina
Castellsague, Xavier
Macfarlane, Tatiana V.
Znaor,
Ariana
Thomson, Peter
Robinson, Max
Conway, David I. and
Healy, Claire M.
Tjonneland, Anne
Westin, Ulla
Ekstrom,
Johanna
Chang-Claude, Jenny
Kaaks, Rudolf
Overvad, Kim and
Drogan, Dagmar
Hallmans, Goran
Laurell, Goran and
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B.
Peeters, Petra H.
Agudo, Antonio and
Larranaga, Nerea
Travis, Ruth C.
Palli, Domenico
Barricarte,
Aurelio
Trichopoulou, Antonia
George, Saitakis
Trichopoulos,
Dimitrios
Ramon Quiros, J.
Grioni, Sara
Sacerdote, Carlotta
and Navarro, Carmen
Sanchez, Maria-Jose
Tumino, Rosario and
Severi, Gianluca
Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and
Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
Panico, Salvatore
Weiderpass,
Elisabete
Lund, Eiliv
Gram, Inger T.
Riboli, Elio and
Pawlita, Michael
Waterboer, Tim
Kreimer, Aimee R.
Johansson,
Mattias
Brennan, Paul
