Περίληψη:
Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked
to childhood-onset asthma, although evidence is still insufficient.
Within the multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A
Study in Europe (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term
exposures to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in
adults.
Methods: We pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with
information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of
air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land-use regression
models at participants’ baseline residential addresses. Associations of
air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox
proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: Of 98326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a mean
follow-up of 16.6 years. We observed associations in fully adjusted
models with hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI 1.04-1.43) per 5 mu g.m(-3)
for PM2.5, 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.25) per 10 mu g.m(-3) for NO2 and 1.15
(95% CI 1.08-1.23) per 0.5 x 10(-5) m(-1) for BC. Hazard ratios were
larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the European Union
and US limit values and possibly World Health Organization guidelines
for PM2.5 and NO2. NO 2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in
two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas PM2.5 estimates were attenuated
to unity. The concentration-response curves showed no evidence of a
threshold.
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil
fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with
adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values.
Συγγραφείς:
Liu, Shuo
Jorgensen, Jeanette Therming
Ljungman, Petter and
Pershagen, Goran
Bellander, Tom
Leander, Karin
Magnusson,
Patrik K. E.
Rizzuto, Debora
Hvidtfeldt, Ulla A.
Nielsen,
Ole Raaschou
Wolf, Kathrin
Hoffmann, Barbara
Brnekree, Bert
and Strak, Maciej
Chen, Jie
Mehta, Amar
Atkinson, Richard W.
and Bauwelrick, Mariska
Varraso, Raphaelle
Boutron-Ruault,
Marie-Christine
Brandt, Jorgen
Cesaroni, Giulia
Forastiere,
Francesco
Fecht, Daniela
Gulliver, John
Herte, Ole
de
Hoogh, Kees
Janssen, Nicole A. H.
Katsouyanni, Klea
Ketzel,
Matthias
Klompmaker, Jochem O.
Nagel, Gabriele
Oftedal,
Bente
Peters, Annette
Tjonneland, Anne
Rodopoulou, Sophia P.
and Samoli, Evangelia
Kristoffersen, Doris Tove
Sigsgaard,
Torben
Stafoggia, Massimo
Vienneau, Danielle
Weinmayr,
Gudrun
Hoek, Gerard
Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic
