Περίληψη:
Anchusa officinalis is recognized for its therapeutic properties, which
are attributed to the production of different metabolites. This plant
interacts with various microorganisms, including the root symbiotic
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Whether these fungi play a role in
the metabolism of A. officinalis is unknown. In the present study, two
independent experiments, associating A. officinalis with the AMF
Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833, were conducted in a semi-hydroponic
(S-H) cultivation system. The experiments were intended to investigate
the primary and secondary metabolites (PMs and SMs, respectively)
content of shoots, roots, and exudates of mycorrhized (M) and
non-mycorrhized (NM) plants grown 9 (Exp. 1) or 30 (Exp. 2) days in the
S-H cultivation system. Differences in the PMs and SMs were evaluated by
an untargeted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics approach combined with
multivariate data analysis. Differences in metabolite production were
shown in Exp. 1. Volcano-plots analysis revealed a strong upregulation
of 10 PMs and 23 SMs. Conversely, in Exp. 2, no significant differences
in PMs and SMs were found in shoots or roots between M and NM plants
whereas the coumarin scoparone and the furanocoumarin byakangelicin,
accumulated in the exudates of the M plants. In Exp. 1, we noticed an
enhanced production of PMs, including organic acids and amino acids,
with the potential to act as precursors of other amino acids and as
building blocks for the production of macromolecules. Similarly, SMs
production was significantly affected in Exp 1. In particular, the
phenolic compounds derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. Fifteen
di-, tri-, and tetra-meric C-6-C-3 derivatives of caffeic acid were
induced mainly in the roots of M plants, while four oleanane-types
saponins were accumulated in the shoots of M plants. Two new salvianolic
acid B derivatives and one new rosmarinic acid derivative, all
presenting a common substitution pattern (methylation at C-9”’ and
C-9’ and hydroxylation at C-8), were detected in the roots of M plants.
The accumulation of diverse compounds observed in colonized plants
suggested that AMF have the potential to affect specific plant
biosynthetic pathways.
Συγγραφείς:
Cartabia, Annalisa
Tsiokanos, Evangelia
Tsafantakis, Nikolaos
and Lalaymia, Ismahen
Termentzi, Aikaterini
Miguel, Maria and
Fokialakis, Nikolas
Declerck, Stephane
