Περίληψη:
Increasing evidence implicates a role of estrogens in hematological malignancies. We reviewed current knowledge on the emerging role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in normal B-cell function, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma. Data support that (1) normal human peripheral blood cells (mononuclear cells, total lymphocytes, T as well as B lymphocytes, and NK cells) express both estrogen receptor subtypes (ERα and ERβ), (2) B-cell malignancies express mainly ERβ while selective ERβ agonists inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis, (3) estrogens regulate, via an ER-mediated pathway, gene expression of cyclins, kinases, bcl-2 proto-oncogene, activation-induced deaminase (AID), and transcription factors, associated with changes in BCR signaling and B cell tumorigenesis. In conclusion, estrogen receptors play an important role in normal B-cell function and B-cell tumorigenesis; however, further investigations are required to delineate the role of estrogens and estrogen receptors in the etiopathogenesis and therapy of B-cell malignancies. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
estrogen; estrogen receptor; estrogen receptor alpha; estrogen receptor beta; estrogen; estrogen receptor, apoptosis; B cell lymphoma; B lymphocyte; blood; cell interaction; cell survival; chronic lymphatic leukemia; disease course; epigenetic repression; estrogen activity; estrogen binding; gene expression; human; membrane; mitochondrion; pathogenesis; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; priority journal; Review; risk factor; signal transduction; T lymphocyte; animal; B cell leukemia; B cell lymphoma; cell transformation; gene expression regulation; genetic epigenesis; genetics; metabolism; mortality; pathology; prognosis, Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Epigenesis, Genetic; Estrogens; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Leukemia, B-Cell; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Mitochondria; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen; Signal Transduction
