Τίτλος:
An update to 21-hydroxylase deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to deficiency of the enzyme 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) is distinguished in classical (C-CAH) and non-classical form (NC-CAH), and it is also one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited disorders in humans. The prevalence of C-CAH is between 1:10,000 and 1:15,000 among the live neonates of North America and Europe while the NC-CAH occurs in approximately 0.2 of the general white population. The highest incidence of CAH (1:282 and 1:2141, respectively) has been evaluated in Yupik Eskimos in Alaska and in the populations of the island La Reunion (France), while the lower was detected in New Zealand newborns (0.3). Nowadays, it has been established that except for the adrenal cortex in CAH cases, the adrenal medulla was also affected. In human 21-OH deficient adrenal gland it has been discovered that not only the chromaffin cells formed extensive neurites, expanding between adrenocortical cells, but also that the adrenal androgens promote outgrowth, whereas glucocorticoids preserve neuroendocrine cells. It seems that normal cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex is necessary for adrenomedullary organogenesis. The synthesis of 21-OH is controlled by the active CYP21A2 gene located at a distance of 30kb from a highly homologous pseudogene designated CYP21A1P. © 2010 Informa UK Ltd.
Συγγραφείς:
Trakakis, E.
Basios, G.
Trompoukis, P.
Labos, G.
Grammatikakis, I.
Kassanos, D.
Περιοδικό:
Gynecological Endocrinology
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
androgen; hydrocortisone; steroid 21 monooxygenase, adrenal medulla; chromaffin cell; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; CYP21A1P gene; CYP21A2 gene; disease classification; enzyme synthesis; Europe; France; gene location; genetic counseling; genotype; heterozygote; human; molecular genetics; morbidity; neurite; neurosecretory cell; New Zealand; North America; organogenesis; pathophysiology; phenotype; prenatal diagnosis; prevalence; priority journal; pseudogene; review; steroid 21 monooxygenase deficiency; United States, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Algorithms; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Genetic Counseling; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Incidence; Prenatal Diagnosis; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase
DOI:
10.3109/09513590903015494
