Περίληψη:
Objective: Cigarette smoking has been reported as “probable” risk
factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a poorly understood
disease in terms of aetiology. The extensive longitudinal data of the
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) were
used to evaluate age-specific mortality rates from ALS and the role of
cigarette smoking on the risk of dying from ALS.
Methods: A total of 517,890 healthy subjects were included, resulting in
4,591,325 person-years. ALS cases were ascertained through death
certificates. Cox hazard models were built to investigate the role of
smoking on the risk of ALS, using packs/years and smoking duration to
study dose-response.
Results: A total of 118 subjects died from ALS, resulting in a crude
mortality rate of 2.69 per 100,000/year. Current smokers at recruitment
had an almost two-fold increased risk of dying from ALS compared to
never smokers (HR = 1.89, 95% C.I. 1.14-3.14), while former smokers at
the time of enrolment had a 50% increased risk (HR = 1.48, 95% C.I.
0.94-2-32). The number of years spent smoking increased the risk of ALS
(p for trend = 0.002). Those who smoked more than 33 years had more than
a two-fold increased risk of ALS compared with never smokers (HR = 2.16,
95% C.I. 1.33-3.53). Conversely, the number of years since quitting
smoking was associated with a decreased risk of ALS compared with
continuing smoking.
Interpretation: These results strongly support the hypothesis of a role
of cigarette smoking in aetiology of ALS. We hypothesize that this could
occur through lipid peroxidation via formaldehyde exposure. Ann Neurol
2009;65:378-385
Συγγραφείς:
Gallo, Valentina
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
Vermeulen, Roel and
Andersen, Peter M.
Kyrozis, Andreas
Linseisen, Jakob
Kaaks,
Rudolph
Allen, Naomi E.
Roddam, Andrew W.
Boshuizen,
Hendrick C.
Peeters, Petra H.
Palli, Domenico
Mattiello,
Amalia
Sieri, Sabina
Tumino, Rosario
Jimenez-Martin,
Juan-Manuel
Tormo Diaz, Maria Jose
Rodriguez Suarez, Laudina and
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Agudo, Antonio
Arriola, Larraitz and
Barricante-Gurrea, Aurelio
Bingham, Sheila
Khaw, Kay-Tee and
Manjer, Jonas
Lindkvist, Bjorn
Overvad, Kim
Bach, Flemming
W.
Tjonneland, Anne
Olsen, Anja
Bergmann, Manuela M. and
Boeing, Heiner
Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise
Lund, Eiliv and
Hallmans, Goran
Middleton, Lefkos
Vineis, Paolo
Riboli, Elio
