Τίτλος:
Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study: Beyond mortality from cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Background: The association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, yet the evidence for other diseases remains limited. Objectives: To examine the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with mortality from diabetes, dementia, psychiatric disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), asthma, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), as well as mortality from all-natural and cardiorespiratory causes in the Danish nationwide administrative cohort. Methods: We followed all residents aged ≥ 30 years (3,083,227) in Denmark from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2017. Annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (warm season) were estimated using European-wide hybrid land-use regression models (100 m × 100 m) and assigned to baseline residential addresses. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the association between air pollution and mortality, accounting for demographic and socioeconomic factors. We additionally applied indirect adjustment for smoking and body mass index (BMI). Results: During 47,023,454 person-years of follow-up, 803,881 people died from natural causes. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (mean: 12.4 µg/m3), NO2 (20.3 µg/m3), and/or BC (1.0 × 10-5/m) was statistically significantly associated with all studied mortality outcomes except CKD. A 5 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with higher mortality from all-natural causes (hazard ratio 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.13), cardiovascular disease (1.09; 1.07–1.12), respiratory disease (1.11; 1.07–1.15), lung cancer (1.19; 1.15–1.24), diabetes (1.10; 1.04–1.16), dementia (1.05; 1.00–1.10), psychiatric disorders (1.38; 1.27–1.50), asthma (1.13; 0.94–1.36), and ALRI (1.14; 1.09–1.20). Associations with long-term exposure to ozone (mean: 80.2 µg/m3) were generally negative but became significantly positive for several endpoints in two-pollutant models. Generally, associations were attenuated but remained significant after indirect adjustment for smoking and BMI. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and/or BC in Denmark were associated with mortality beyond cardiorespiratory diseases, including diabetes, dementia, psychiatric disorders, asthma, and ALRI. © 2022 The Authors
Συγγραφείς:
So, R.
Andersen, Z.J.
Chen, J.
Stafoggia, M.
de Hoogh, K.
Katsouyanni, K.
Vienneau, D.
Rodopoulou, S.
Samoli, E.
Lim, Y.-H.
Jørgensen, J.T.
Amini, H.
Cole-Hunter, T.
Mahmood Taghavi Shahri, S.
Maric, M.
Bergmann, M.
Liu, S.
Azam, S.
Loft, S.
Westendorp, R.G.J.
Mortensen, L.H.
Bauwelinck, M.
Klompmaker, J.O.
Atkinson, R.
Janssen, N.A.H.
Oftedal, B.
Renzi, M.
Forastiere, F.
Strak, M.
Thygesen, L.C.
Brunekreef, B.
Hoek, G.
Mehta, A.J.
Περιοδικό:
Environment International
Εκδότης:
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Biological organs; Economics; Hazards; Land use; Neurodegenerative diseases; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Population statistics; Pulmonary diseases; Regression analysis, Black carbon; Cardiorespiratory disease; Long term exposure; Long-term exposure to air pollution; Lower respiratory infections; Lung Cancer; Mortality; Nationwide administrative cohort; PM 2.5; Psychiatric disorders, Air pollution, black carbon; nitrogen dioxide; ozone; ozone, adult; aged; air pollution; Article; asthma; body mass; cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney failure; cohort analysis; confidence interval; controlled study; Danish citizen; dementia; demographics; Denmark; diabetes mellitus; female; follow up; hazard ratio; human; land use; long term exposure; lower respiratory tract infection; lung cancer; male; mental disease; mortality; particulate matter 2.5; population research; proportional hazards model; respiratory tract disease; smoking; socioeconomics; statistical significance; adverse event; air pollutant; asthma; chronic kidney failure; dementia; environmental exposure; epidemiology; lung tumor; particulate matter; soot, Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Denmark; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Soot
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2022.107241
